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Do not limit yourself

GMAT data sufficiency - approaches


What is tested?

Data Sufficiency is a test of mathematical reasoning. It tests your ability to evaluate the adequacy of given information in answering a question in the quantitative setting.
This involves verifying the sufficiency of data to solve a problem, distinguishing between relevant and irrelevant data, checking relationship between variables.

In data sufficiency a question is followed by two statements. You are required to determine whether the statements can be used to answer the question.

The direction is as follows
Mark (A) if statement I alone is sufficient but statement II alone is not sufficient to answer the question
Mark (B) if statement II alone is sufficient but statement I alone is not sufficient to answer the question
Mark (C) if both statements I and II together are sufficient to answer the question
Mark (D) if each statement alone is sufficient to answer the question
Mark (E)   if statement I and II together are not sufficient to answer the question

Now a problem

Question
 Are x and y both positive? <------Question statement

(1) 3x-3y=1  Statement I
(2) x / y>1     Statement II

First the question statement has to be analyzed and understood. X and Y can be positive, negative, fractions, decimals, integers or imaginary numbers. There is no definition to x and y.

The first statement indicates that x-y = 1/3 which is a positive number and that means x > y irrespective of the fact that both x and y are positive numbers. Or both x and y are negative numbers.  x-y =1/3 fails if x and y have different signs.

The second statement indicates that (x / y) >1. (x / y) is a positive number. The signs of x and y must have the same sign  i.e either positive or negative.

Thus taking statement (1) only, you cannot answer the question as the condition fails if the signs are different.
By taking statement (2) only the conclusion attained is that both should have same signs but the statement fails to address which is bigger.

If we combine both statements, x and y have the same signs and that x > y and we still cannot conclude whether both x and y are positive or negative. Answer is E.

How to solve GMAT data sufficiency

DS questions are designed to measure your ability to:

Semantics - Gmat prep,Gmat course,MBA entrance training,GMAT training,GMAT resources  Analyze a quantitative problem
Semantics - Gmat prep,Gmat course,MBA entrance training,GMAT training,GMAT resources 

Recognize which information is relevant

Semantics - Gmat prep,Gmat course,MBA entrance training,GMAT training,GMAT resources  Synthesize data
Semantics - Gmat prep,Gmat course,MBA entrance training,GMAT training,GMAT resources  Determine at what point there is sufficient information to solve a problem

Questions in data sufficiency can be of different types. Let’s take a look at a few.

Variable definition problems
These problems are based on signs, nature of the numbers
(fraction, decimal, odd, even…)
Problems of this type can be solved by iterating the variables with various types of numbers.

Formula/theorem based
Problems based on formulae/theorem where one or more variables are given in the statement (s).

Data comparison
Determining which data is bigger or smaller among a set of data. Using hypothesis testing, we can verify the relevance of the data. By controlling one variable other variables can be manipulated.

A flow chart to analyze a data sufficiency problem

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Priority list

While choosing the answer options the following priority list must be kept in mind.

Priority 1: Choose D
Priority 2: Chose A or B
Priority 3: Chose C
Priority 4: Choose E

While solving a data sufficiency question always remember that the answer must be determined with the least number of statements. Some questions can be answered with the question statement and statement (1) alone. The same question can be answered with the question statement, statement (1) and Statement (2) combined. In the first case the answer to be chosen is A and the second case it is C. There is a conflict. In this scenario if C is marked it is wrong as A has a higher preference over C. Like wise check for option D before choosing option A or B as D has the highest preference.

For success in data sufficiency be thorough with all relevant areas of math.

L3 Methods - GMAT math


Problem solving
Problem solving
Nearly one half of the 37 questions in math section are problem solving. These questions test your ability to solve questions in the quantitative setting. The problems are drawn from almost all areas of basic math- viz. number theory, algebra, geometry, sets, probability and elementary statistics.
 
What skills
What skills
Problem solving questions are designed to test your ability to analyze given data, recognize relationships, apply formulae, equation or theorem, formulate a strategy, devise a plan of action, test a hypothesis and the like.

What preparation works

What preparation works
Though it is obvious that every GMAT test taker ought to review the basic chapters in arithmetic, algebra and geometry, such conceptual level knowledge alone is not sufficient. A high score in the math section necessitates the ability to apply these

concepts in problems presented in many formats and a set of thinking skills and mathematical tools to facilitate speed and accuracy.

L3 methods to script your success

L3 methods to script your success
Think of a sandwich with no filling! Bland slices of bread. And fill it with something yummy and see the difference!

Semantics GMAT math course has that zing to it- a cumulative 3 layered course delivery.

Layer 1
Exhaustive coverage of math fundamentals in easy to follow presentation – concept analysis, illustrations and ‘guided problem solving’ exercises.

Layer 2
Science of thinking* – thinking skills intervention module to build your mathematical reasoning skills; this is followed by solution- free problem solving to focus on the thinking processes than on a solution.

Layer 3
The strategic problem solving stage – optimum use of mathematical tools, thinking skills and - choosing and using these strategically to ready you for both the problem solving and the data sufficiency sections of GMAT.


CONCEPT LAYER

In the first layer you will learn the various concepts in mathematics through easy to follow presentation of content. This will comprise analysis of the concept, and discussion with illustrative problems.

A special feature of this layer is the GUIDED PROBLEM SOLVING EXERCISES, in which you are given hints and cues to solve the problem, ensuring that the transition to the next level is smooth.

Illustration of guided problem solving

Problem

The price of rice has increased by 30%. By what percent should a house wife reduce consumption so as to not to increase her total expenditure on rice?

How to solve the problem

The relationship between the variables is
Price x consumption = Expenses
Assume the initial consumption as 100kg and price Rs.10/kg
Calculate the total expenditure, variable change
Calculate the new price

Let the new consumption = x kgs
Fill the table

  Price(Rs/kg) Consumption(kg) Expense (Rs)
Initial values      
New values      

Calculate the percentage difference between the initial expense and the new expense.


THINKING SKILL LAYER

In the second layer, you are explicitly taught how to reason with problems in a quantitative setting. A pre-requisite set of thinking skills are taught using mathematical tasks. The skills covered are

Semantics - Gmat prep,Gmat course,MBA entrance training,GMAT training,GMAT resources  Instruction comprehension
Semantics - Gmat prep,Gmat course,MBA entrance training,GMAT training,GMAT resources  Problem conversion
Semantics - Gmat prep,Gmat course,MBA entrance training,GMAT training,GMAT resources  Sensing the data
Semantics - Gmat prep,Gmat course,MBA entrance training,GMAT training,GMAT resources  Algorithm generation
Semantics - Gmat prep,Gmat course,MBA entrance training,GMAT training,GMAT resources  Chunking
Semantics - Gmat prep,Gmat course,MBA entrance training,GMAT training,GMAT resources  Gambling data – orthodox / selective
Semantics - Gmat prep,Gmat course,MBA entrance training,GMAT training,GMAT resources  Hypothetico –deductive thinking
Semantics - Gmat prep,Gmat course,MBA entrance training,GMAT training,GMAT resources  Implicit verification
Semantics - Gmat prep,Gmat course,MBA entrance training,GMAT training,GMAT resources  Problem reduction
Semantics - Gmat prep,Gmat course,MBA entrance training,GMAT training,GMAT resources  Analogy verification
Semantics - Gmat prep,Gmat course,MBA entrance training,GMAT training,GMAT resources  Convergence/divergence

To further reinforce the skill learning, you are put through SOLUTION - FREE PROBLEM SOLVING where the problem solving process is more vital than the solution.

Example

thinking skill - SELECTIVE FOCUSSING

Demonstration of a problem
A man wishes to cross a river whose width is 40 m. If the man has to reach the exactly opposite point in 2 sec, what should be the speed at which I must swim given that the river is flowing at 4.5 m/s?
1.19.5 m/s    2.20 m/s    3.20.5 m/s    4.22 m/s

First convert the problem from a verbal question into a spatial one.

Then focus on the motion of the man and let the river be stationary The man has to travel 40 m along the breadth of the river in 2 sec. So my minimum speed would be 20 m/s.Now focus on
the motion of the river keeping the man stationary.

The river pushes the man at a speed of 4.5 m/s for 2 sec. So the distance Travelled is 9 m. Now by applying Pythagoras theorem the problem can be solved.

PROBLEM SOLVING LAYER

In this layer- STRATEGIC PROBLEM SOLVING you solve problems like a pro. You will use concepts, thinking skills and a set of math tools for maximum performance.

The math tools are

Semantics - Gmat prep,Gmat course,MBA entrance training,GMAT training,GMAT resources  Proportionality
Semantics - Gmat prep,Gmat course,MBA entrance training,GMAT training,GMAT resources  Percentage
Semantics - Gmat prep,Gmat course,MBA entrance training,GMAT training,GMAT resources  Option indicators
Semantics - Gmat prep,Gmat course,MBA entrance training,GMAT training,GMAT resources  Contextual derivations
Semantics - Gmat prep,Gmat course,MBA entrance training,GMAT training,GMAT resources  Creating a problem field
Semantics - Gmat prep,Gmat course,MBA entrance training,GMAT training,GMAT resources  Morphological analysis
Semantics - Gmat prep,Gmat course,MBA entrance training,GMAT training,GMAT resources  Parameter definition
Semantics - Gmat prep,Gmat course,MBA entrance training,GMAT training,GMAT resources  Sequential moves


Illustration of strategic problem solving

Problem

thinking skill - SELECTIVE FOCUSSING
What is the probability that at least 2 out of 10 people will have their birthday on the same day in the month of April, given that all of them have their birthday in the same month?

Thinking skill - GOAL SETTING
Mathematic tool - contextual derivation

First step in solving this problem is to understand the concept.
The concept is probability

Probability =

Now calculate total number of outcomes:

10 people can have their birthday on any day in the month of April which has 30 days.
Each person can have 30 different days on which his birthday falls.
Therefore total number of outcomes = 30 x 30 x 30 x30.......ten times = 3010


Second : calculate the probability that atleast 2 people will have the birthday on the same day

The required probability = P(2 people having their birthday on the same day) +
P(3 people having their birthday on the same day) +
P(4 people having their birthday on the same day) +
………… P( 10 people having their birthday on the same day)

Instead of calculating for each of the probabilities we can calculate
The require probability = maximum probability - P(1person having his birthday on the same day)  = 1 - P(1)


Third : calculate P(1)
P(1)= each person has one unique birthday
Ten people have ten unique birthdays
Ten days have to be selected from 30. This can be performed using combination = 30C10

Required probability = 1 -  30C10
3010

High on math

Semantics - Gmat prep,Gmat course,MBA entrance training,GMAT training,GMAT resources  Easy to follow breakdown of concepts
Semantics - Gmat prep,Gmat course,MBA entrance training,GMAT training,GMAT resources  Practice drills using unique guided problem solving
Semantics - Gmat prep,Gmat course,MBA entrance training,GMAT training,GMAT resources  Brainstorming problems for solution free problem solving  
   (a brilliant approach to data sufficiency)
Semantics - Gmat prep,Gmat course,MBA entrance training,GMAT training,GMAT resources  End of chapter progress assessment test and remedial plan
Semantics - Gmat prep,Gmat course,MBA entrance training,GMAT training,GMAT resources  Well -illustrated content
Semantics - Gmat prep,Gmat course,MBA entrance training,GMAT training,GMAT resources  Most probable list- GMAT special high potential areas,    approaches and discussion
Semantics - Gmat prep,Gmat course,MBA entrance training,GMAT training,GMAT resources  Question banks- topicwise
Semantics - Gmat prep,Gmat course,MBA entrance training,GMAT training,GMAT resources  Demo of science of thinking on original GMAT questions
Semantics - Gmat prep,Gmat course,MBA entrance training,GMAT training,GMAT resources  100% relevance- content and methodology
Semantics - Gmat prep,Gmat course,MBA entrance training,GMAT training,GMAT resources High score module- probability, coordinate geometry, elementary    statistics

 
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